Study of articles: Importance of diet in the pre and post-operative period in oral and maxillofacial surgeries In major and minor oral surgeries , there are three stages: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative (before, during, and after the procedure, respectively). Often, the most significant complications occur during the postoperative phase , including localized and diffuse pain, swelling, bruising, hyper and hypoglycemic episodes, lowered immunity, and, in extreme cases of neglect, patients may suffer from malnutrition , and, later on, fatal consequences. With this in mind, the quicker and less painful the healing process of intentional traumas caused by oral and maxillofacial surgeries, the better the patient's recovery. A suitable, nutritious diet with proper professional guidance can reduce healing time and contribute to postoperative success. This is possible because of cellular repair processes, which work better with a source of proteins and amino acids, the...
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The ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) classification system is a way to assess the overall health status of patients before medical or dental procedures. It is used to help healthcare professionals determine the risk associated with a procedure and carefully plan treatment. The ASA system is divided into five categories:
ASA-I: Healthy patients
- Patients without significant comorbidities.
- Good overall health.
ASA-II: Patients with moderate systemic disease
- Patients with moderate systemic diseases or lower tolerance for procedures.
- Examples include individuals over 65,
- morbid obesity,
- pregnant women in the first two trimesters,
- controlled hypertension with medication,
- diabetes controlled with diet/medication,
- conditions controlled with medication,
- asthmatics using aerosol bronchodilators, non-COPD smokers,
- stable angina, and a history of myocardial infarction more than 6 months ago without symptoms.
ASA-III: Patients with severe systemic diseases
- Patients with severe systemic diseases that affect their normal activities.
- Examples include morbid obesity,
- pregnant women in the last trimester,
- type 1 diabetics (using insulin),
- hypertension in the range of 160-194/95-99 mmHg,
- recent angina with symptoms after physical activity,
- congestive heart failure with ankle swelling,
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,
- recent episodes of seizure or asthma attack,
- patients on chemotherapy,
- hemophilia, and patients with myocardial infarction more than 6 months ago with persistent symptoms.
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ASA-IV: Patients with severe diseases at increased risk of death
- Patients with severe diseases at increased risk of death.
- Dental treatments should be postponed as much as possible or performed in a controlled hospital setting in cases of urgency.
- Examples include shortness of breath and fatigue at rest,
- inability to walk or climb stairs,
- worsening angina despite medication,
- myocardial infarction or stroke within the last 6 months with high blood pressure, and constant need for oxygen supplementation.
ASA-V: Patients in the palliative phase of terminal illnesses
- Patients in the final stage of terminal illnesses with a very short life expectancy.
- Surgical procedures may be futile or inappropriate.
- The focus is on providing comfort and palliative care.
It is important for healthcare professionals to use the ASA system to properly assess patients and plan treatment according to their health status. This helps minimize risks and provide the most appropriate care for each patient.
reference: Medication Therapy - By: Eduardo Dias de Andrade.
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