Study of articles: Importance of diet in the pre and post-operative period in oral and maxillofacial surgeries In major and minor oral surgeries , there are three stages: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative (before, during, and after the procedure, respectively). Often, the most significant complications occur during the postoperative phase , including localized and diffuse pain, swelling, bruising, hyper and hypoglycemic episodes, lowered immunity, and, in extreme cases of neglect, patients may suffer from malnutrition , and, later on, fatal consequences. With this in mind, the quicker and less painful the healing process of intentional traumas caused by oral and maxillofacial surgeries, the better the patient's recovery. A suitable, nutritious diet with proper professional guidance can reduce healing time and contribute to postoperative success. This is possible because of cellular repair processes, which work better with a source of proteins and amino acids, the...
Guided Bone Regeneration:
The process of guided bone regeneration involves the use of bone fragments and a membrane, both biocompatible. The most important materials are:
Bone Grafts: These grafts are used to fill bone defects and expedite the bone regeneration process. There are four types of bone grafts:
- - Autogenous: These are bone fragments from the patient's own body.
- - Xenogeneic: These are bone fragments sourced from cattle.
- - Allogeneic: These are bone fragments from other human donors, typically obtained from bone banks.
- - Alloplastic: These are bone fragments from laboratories, synthetic grafts, and biocompatible materials.
Membranes: The purpose of membranes is to establish a physical-mechanical barrier between the gingival epithelium and the root surface. This is crucial because direct interaction between these structures can prevent periodontal ligament cells from returning to their proper location. Instead of bone regeneration, it can lead to continued gingival recession at the site, which is not the treatment goal. This approach is known as Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR).
There are two types of membranes:
- - Non-absorbable: These membranes need to be removed after a period of 4 to 6 weeks.
- - Absorbable: There is no need to remove these membranes as they naturally dissolve.
It is important to note that both types of membranes must be completely covered by the gingiva along their entire length.
Additionally, chemical mediators are used to stimulate the differentiation of mesenchymal cells present in cementum, ligament, and bone. This promotes the transformation of mesenchymal cells into cementoblasts, fibroblasts, and osteoblasts, in that specific order, contributing to the tissue regeneration process.
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